Physiotherapy: A Vital Lifeline for Children with Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the name of a group of neurological disorders that affect a person’s ability to move, develop motor control and posture (postural control). It is the most common neuro-motor disability in childhood, caused by abnormal brain development or injury to the developing brain. Children with CP face a range of physical challenges, from muscle stiffness (spasticity) and weakness to coordination and balance issues throughout their lives. Physiotherapy is an integral part of the therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing the quality of life for these children with CP.
Before diving head first into the role of paediatric physiotherapy, it’s crucial to understand the nuances of cerebral palsy. The condition can manifest in various forms, depending on the type and location of brain damage. The primary types are spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, and mixed CP, each presenting unique challenges to the person (and their families):
Spastic Cerebral Palsy: Characterized by increased muscle tone, leading to stiffness and awkward movements.
Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy: Involves problems with controlling the movement of the hands, arms, feet, and legs, making it difficult to sit and walk.
Ataxic Cerebral Palsy: Causes problems with balance, leading to unsteady movements.
Mixed Cerebral Palsy: A combination of symptoms from all types of CP.
The Role of Physiotherapy in Cerebral Palsy Management:
Physiotherapy intervention is tailored to address the unique needs of each child with CP, focusing on treating their primary and secondary impairments to help the child and family work towards their specific goals. Here are some general principles that physiotherapists use to help a child with CP.
Assessing primary impairments of their body structure and function.
Looking at a child’s specific developmental needs due to weakness, dystonia or spasticity present. Focusing on all senses such as skin sensation, vision and vestibular impairments that may be contributing to difficulty with mobility and function. Ensuring these primary impairments are addressed whilst participating in a meaningful activity for the child and family.
Identifying how these impairments contribute to a child’s participation and interaction with their families, day cares, schools and community.
Setting specific goals and targeting treatment and home exercise programs towards the child and family’s needs and capabilities. Participation in social and recreational activities is vital for the holistic development of children. Physiotherapy aims to equip children with the physical skills needed to engage in play, sports, and social interactions. This not only boosts physical health but also enhances emotional well-being, self-confidence and social skills.
Preventing Secondary Complications
Without proper management, children with CP are at risk of developing secondary complications such as joint contractures, scoliosis, and pressure sores. Physiotherapy plays a crucial preventive role by:
Maintaining Joint Flexibility: Regular stretching and movement exercises help keep joints flexible and reduce the risk of contractures
Promoting Healthy Muscle Tone: Techniques such as muscle strengthening and electrical stimulation can help maintain muscle tone.
Educating Caregivers: Physiotherapists educate parents and caregivers on proper positioning, handling techniques, and exercises to continue at home, ensuring consistent care.
Integrating Assistive Technology
Assistive devices and technology can significantly enhance the mobility and independence of children with CP. Physiotherapist’s assess and recommend appropriate devices such as orthotics, walkers, and wheelchairs, and train children and their families in their effective use. They will also liaise with Occupational Therapists, Podiatrists and Orthotists and other allied health professionals to ensure the best result for the child.
Individualised Approach to Physiotherapy:
Every child with cerebral palsy is unique, and so is their physiotherapy plan. At All Sorted Physio Gladstone, we conduct comprehensive assessments to understand each child’s specific needs, strengths, and goals. Based on this, we develop a personalised therapy plan that evolves as the child grows and their needs change.
Conclusion:
Paediatric physiotherapy is an indispensable part of the multidisciplinary approach required to support children with cerebral palsy. By focusing on improving mobility, preventing complications, and enhancing overall well-being, physiotherapy helps these children lead more fulfilling and independent lives. As research and techniques continue to evolve, the future holds even greater promise for optimizing the care and quality of life for children with cerebral palsy. At All Sorted Physiotherapy Gladstone we always take an individualised and tailored approach to each child’s needs.